Penti, eskilti, literati, mizik, lang kreyòl …
Kilti ayisyen an, nan tout fòm li yo, abondan e lajman make pa imajinè relijyon vodou a. [/ mark]
Se apre endepandans Ayiti an 1804 , ki te mete yon fen definitif nan esklavaj, ke nou te wè aparisyon tipikman ayisyen “travay”. Travay sa yo premye enspire pa relijyon vodou a, paske tanbou yo bat pandan seremoni, mi tanp yo dekore avèk reprezantasyon sen (konfonn ak lespri yo oswa “loa”) epi sou tè tanp yo ap remonte ” vèvès ”, senbòl jewometrik ki pèsonifye menm lespri sa yo, e ki ta ka pran nan desen Arawak yo, premye abitan zile a. Sepandan, vodou te sansi e pèsekite pandan plis pase de syèk, tou de pa premye chèf deta yo ak legliz Katolik ak Pwotestan yo; Li se sèlman depi ane 1980 yo ke li te aksepte kòm yon relijyon, tankou nenpòt ki lòt, e ke atis ka ouvètman enspirasyon soti nan li.
Atravè seksyon sa a, nou te Se poutèt sa te eseye trase yon panorama pi konplè ak reprezantan ke posib nan kilti ak atizay ayisyen, konsènan:
Mizik ayisyen
Mizik se yon pati enpòtan nan lavi ayisyen. Fòm kadans mizik yo varye. Kompa, mizik mesaje, Twoubadou, zouk ak ritm rasin fòme Quartet debaz nan kilti a espesifik nan zile a.
Mizik sa a ap sibi chanjman annamoni konbine avèk ritm nan rumb, djaz oswa wòch.
Ansanm ak fòm sa yo, mizisyen yo enfliyanse pa ritm yo nan peyi vwazen: mereng, men tou, hip-hop, ragga oswa rege. Pandan ke kèk mizisyen rete sou zile a, lòt moun ekspòtasyon atizay yo nan mond lan, tankou Ti Jack.
Literati ayisyen
“Literati ayisyen an se pi venere e depi lontan li te pi rich nan literati ultramarin nan lang franse a” (Léon-François Hoffman). Malgre ke popilasyon ayisyen an se nan lang kreyòl e ke lang franse a, “gate” nan lagè endepandans lan, pale sèlman pa yon minorite Ayisyen, ekriven ayisyen yo nan lang franse yo anpil, ak pi plis ak plis popilè, jan yo montre nan anpil pri literè yo te genyen nan dènye ane yo. Menm jan ak pent, li pa posib pou non yo tout!
Osi bonè ke 1804, premye a te ekri liv sou istwa peyi yo: Pierre Flignaud, Pompée Valentin, Juste Chanlatte, Beaubrun Ardouin. Lè sa a, nan tout 19yèm ak 20yèm syèk yo, pyès teyat, pwezi, disètasyon ak woman parèt: Julien Lhérisson te fè tèt li pi popilè ak roman li “La famille des Pitite-Caille”, Jean Price-Mars ak powèm li yo, Jacques Roumain pa woman l ‘yo, ki pi pi popilè nan ki se “Gouvènè yo nan lawouze a”, Jacques-Stéphen Alexis pa fiksyalize kwadriloji l ‘yo “Compère Général Soleil, Les Pyebwa Mizisyen, L’Espace d’un cillant, Romancero aux étoiles”, men ki gen karyè pwomèt te koupe pa Duvalier a bal; René Depestre, li te ye pou premye roman li “Hadriana nan tout rèv mwen”, men ki moun ki ap viv nan ekzil an Frans; Frankétienne, demiyè a nan lang, ki melanje kreyòl ak franse nan lang li yo “espiral”; Jean Métellus, doktè ak powèt; Anthony Phelps powèt la; Lionnel Trouillot, romansye ak otè; Gary Victor, kantor sosyete vodou sekrè yo; Dany Laferrière, ki abite nan Kanada e ki te genyen Medici Prize ane pase a pou roman-powèm li “Enigm lan nan retounen nan”.
San nou pa bliye tradisyon istwa yo, ak kontè ayisyen an ki pi popilè an Frans, Mimi Barthélemy.
Literati ayisyen nan yon dinamik emansipasyon
Peyi Dayiti se fwi plizyè orijin: premyèman, yon peyi tribi Endyen, pami yo Taïnos, Lè sa a, monopolize pa kolon Panyòl, Lè sa a, franse, Ayiti te piti piti bati tèt li nan yon nasyon, gras an patikilye a, nan liberasyon an lit nan popilasyon li yo ki gen orijin Afriken, sitou esklav ak libere.
Se poutèt sa, Ayiti se yon jèn nasyon ki dènyèman te enpoze tèt li sou sèn politik mondyal la gras a zak endepandans li nan lane 1804. E istwa literati ayisyen an lye anpil ak konviksyon yon rechèch idantite, yon rechèch rasin, antreprann pa tout sosyete a nan lòd yo etabli souverènte nasyonal la.
Pwogresis pran an kont de “valè popilè”
Valè yo kòmanse, incorporée pa “elit yo” yo se natirèlman sa yo kimodèn mond lwès la: enstriksyon nan lang dominan yo (Katolik) ak relijyon; demand pou konfò nan travay, anrichisman; kontwòl sou sante ak sekirite nan ogmante endistriyalizasyon nan detriman nan valè riral yo.
Sepandan, byen bonè, lidè ayisyen yo e sitou entèlektyèl yo, soti nan Boirond-Tonnerre, rive nan frè Nau ak Ardouin yo pase Tertulien Guilbaud pou rive Beauvais Lespinasse, ki te byen metrize lang franse a, te vin okouran de diferans ki te separe yo ak plis plis nan sitwayen parèy yo, sitou ki gen orijin riral yo. Difikilte yo nan gouvènans ak fòs la nan prejije rasyal ak / oswa klas anpeche popilasyon sa a soti nan gen aksè a pwogrè nan mond lan modèn ke lidè toujou te pwomèt.
Depi moman sa a, ekriven yo te konnen ke konkèt la nan diyite a nan pèp ayisyen an ale nan rekiperasyon an nan lang yo: kreyòl ak pwomosyon nan koutim espesifik nan mond riral la (travay agrikòl, lwazi, pwoteksyon, sekirite, kwayans, rèv ak espwa ki fè pati koutim peyizan yo). Sepandan, dinamik sa a pa t ‘eskli tandans nan meprize sa yo rele “pi ba” klas yo oswa pouvwa a nan prejije rasyalis.
Yon literati nan “nou”
Se konsa literati ayisyen piti piti distenge li de literati modèl, franse, pa tretman tèm espesifik tankou patriyotis ak glorifikasyon ewo lagè endepandans yo: Tousen Louvèti, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, King Christophe, Pétion, elatriye. ; elaborasyon mit fondatè tankou nan Stella (1859) pa Emeric Bergeaud, premye woman ayisyen an. Tèm “prejije koulè” a konstan nan pyès teyat, powèm ak woman: “Le Fils du Noir”, “Choucoune” an reyalite ekri an kreyòl, powèm Oswald Durand; e menm woman, ki di ke yo ekzotik paske anviwònman an se deyò Ayiti, tankou Francesca (1873) pa Demesvar Delorme oswa La Chercheuse (1880) pa Louis-Joseph Janvier, oswa Le Damné (1877) evoke pwoblèm nan renmen. an koneksyon avèk prejije rasyal. Demand pou lwa a, pou referans enskri nan premye woman ayisyen an. Enkyetid moralize sa yo manifeste nan predileksyon pou fab, pwovèb, istwa eritye nan tradisyon kreyòl la. Se sa ki pral jistifye itilizasyon anpil pwonon “nou” nan anpil disètasyon e sitou nan woman.
Yon literati melanje lengwistik
Peryòd la amoure ant 1836 ak 1885 te wè devlopman nan evokasyon an nan koulè lokal yo: sèn popilè nan tout ti bouk, travay nan jaden yo ak koutim peyizan, tèm nan nan vodou …, menm si travay la ekri souvan manke otantisite, rete twò pre nan pèspektiv etnografik la, kòm yon jounalis sèten nan L’Union nan 17 Out, 1837 rekonèt: “Lang franse a nan ekri nou toujou sanble tankou yon lang akeri: youn nan benefis yo nan sivilizasyon yo pral natiralize li avèk nou. Sa a se ki jan pwosesis la nan kwaze lengwistik kòmanse, menm si tout ekriven pa angaje yo nan opsyon sa a, byen lwen soti nan li. Men deba a lanse. Pandan peryòd La Ronde ak La Nouvelle Ronde (1885-1925), deba a te anraje ant défenseurs yo nan yon lang ekri fidèl a modèl franse, jan yo vle pa gwo powèt la Etzer Vilaire (oswa Georges Sylvain d ‘yon lòt kote) ki pè pou wè devlopman “yon lang sal ki pa totalman kreyòl ni espesyalman franse”, enkyete pou ekri nan yon lang ki kapab tradwi santiman inivèsèl; ak disip nan transfòmasyon nan lang franse a oswa nan tout kreyòl: konsa wè limyè a nan woman yo nan Frédéric Marcelin (Marilisse, 1903), Justin Lhérisson (Zoune chez sa Ninaine) oswa Fernand Hibbert (Séna, 1905), ki gen ladan estrikti a enspire pa yon fòm diskou dyalòg kreyòl ki rele “odyans”. Mèsi a prè sa a, roman an pwogrè nan fòs komik ak vitalite. Pandan peryòd sa a (1884-1889), gwo deba sou kesyon sosyal ak souverènte nasyonal, sou pwoblèm yo nan agrikilti ak edikasyon yo te pote pa ensayis nan non gwo tankou Louis-Joseph Janvier, Anténor Firmin ak Hannibal Price, ki moun ki yo konnen tou gen devlope yon agiman anti-rasis; deba sa yo retransmèt pa peryodik renome ant 1895 ak 1912: La Ronde, La Jeune Haiti, Literary and Social Haiti, Literary and Scientific Haiti …
Lè sa a, peryòd la nan endijenis, ki te swiv pa sa yo ki nan griots yo (1925-1975) ap fè anpil pitit nan envansyon lengwistik ak literè.
Batis pa okipasyon Ameriken an (1915-1935), anpil entelektyèl ayisyen angaje nan rezistans, omwen moral, nan travay nan yon ton patriyotik, ki kapab reveye konsyans nasyonal la. Se konsa pale tonton (1928) nan Jean Price-Mars es t yon redaksyon syantifik ak didaktik (etnografik, sosyolojik, antwopolojik …) ki make tan an, paske li rekonsilye tout eleman nan reyalite ayisyen an, ki gen ladan pi kontradiktwa a, ak ankouraje pou chak ayisyen yon pi bon akseptasyon nan “pwòp tèt ou” li “”. Jean Price-Mars te fè kontribisyon li nan kilti a nan “kwazman”. Atravè yon apwòch rasyonèl ak syantifik, li te eseye detwi wont nan nannan nan pèsepsyon negatif ke nou te gen nan linivè riral yo ak Afriken nan moman an. Peryòd sa a te fonde premye Pati Kominis Ayisyen an (1934) ak kreyasyon Biwo Etnoloji (1941) pa powèt Jacques Roumain. Yon filològ ayisyen, Jules Faine, pibliye rezilta rechèch li yo: Filoloji kreyòl (1936), Le Créole dans l’univers (1939). Nou ta dwe sonje tou enfliyans mouvman surealis yo ak mouvman Négritude yo: André Breton ak Aimé Césaire te vin Ayiti pou ankouraje ekriven ki te resevwa yo favorableman. Mouvman sa yo te enspire tandans literè tipikman ayisyen yo, tankou “reyalis bèl bagay” inisye pa J.-S. Alexis oswa “espiralism” inisye pa René Philoctète, Jean-Claude Fignolé ak Frankétienne.
Anpil ekriven chwazi pou yon lang franse de pli zan pli ki gen fòm pa souf la, ritm ak imaj nan kreyòl oralite. Idantifikasyon ekriven an ak ewo popilè fiktiv li pi byen perceptible: yon tèks plis emosyonèl ki ka pafwa mennen nan bon siksè: Gouverneurs de la rosée (1944) pa Jacques Roumain, Grenn yo nan kòlè (1949) pa Anthony Lespès, Pariahs nan Magloire Saint -Aude, anpil woman pa Jacques-Stéphen Alexis. Menm si sèten ekriven, tankou Léon Laleau, Lè sa a, pita powèt la Bonnard Posy, Alix Mathon, oswa Jean Brierre plede pou yon tretman klasik nan franse, dapre règleman yo nan ansyen Metropolis la, anpil nan mitan yo, tankou Emile Roumer, Félix Morisseau – Leroy (Diacoute an kreyòl) oswa Franck Fouché pral fè kanpay pou pwodiksyon travay an kreyòl ak bileng.
Yon literati chire ant dezi a satisfè lektè lokal la ak sa yo ki satisfè lektè etranje a an Ayiti, ekriven te toujou santi yo fristre nan pa te kapab yo dwe vrèman apresye pa majorite nan konpatriyot yo ki pa t ‘kapab li franse plis pase sa yo te fè Kreyòl. Fè egzateman pale, pa gen okenn kay pibliye, sètènman enprime kay, men pwòp tèt ou-pibliye se ruine. Tout kontèks sa a ankouraje ekriven an pibliye aletranje, ak kontrent yo, konsesyon yo ke sa implique, paske franse, kebèk, Swis oswa Bèlj pibliye kay la ap chèche pwofi nan ap eseye satisfè otan moun ke posib .. franse ki pale lektè. Li dwe rekonèt ke edisyon sa a aletranje se eksitan pou ekriven an, kontan ogmante odyans li entènasyonalman, men nan yon fason tou nan mitan konpatriyot li yo; se otè a tou ankouraje yo pwodwi pi plis ak plis ankò.
Diktati François Duvalier nan ane 1965 yo, menm si li pa t ‘reyèlman sèk enspirasyon nan ekriven yo, li redwi a anyen libète ekspresyon yo. Sa a se ki jan anpil nan yo te ale pasyèlman oswa totalman nan ekzil swa nan Kanada (pètèt nan Etazini yo), an Frans, oswa nan Bèljik. Se konsa, yo te kapab gen tèt yo edited pi fasil: Amour, Colère et Folie (1968) pa Marie Vieux-Chauvet, Less Infinity (1972) ak Mémoire en Colin-Maillard (1976) pa Anthony Phelps, Le Huitième jour (1973) pa René Philoctète, Les Chiens (1961) de Francis-Joachim Roy, Compère général Soleil (1955) ak L’Espace d’un cillation (1959) de Jacques-Stéphen Alexis. Ekri yo nan powèt René Depestre la tou te jwi gwo pwomosyon soti nan ekzil l ‘yo. Travay Roger Dorsinville yo te pibliye nan èkspatriye li. Sa a se ka a tou ak Jean Métellus, prèske tout roman ki te pibliye pa Gallimard. Dènyèman, kay pibliye yo vin pi ofansif e yo pi vle pibliye ekriven k ap viv nan peyi orijin yo: Frankétienne, Gary Victor, Lyonel Trouillot, Yanick Lahens, elatriye.
Egzil ak èkspatriyasyon kontribye nan modifye done yo nan kreyasyon literè ayisyen ki gen tandans divèsifye pi plis ak plis. Soti nan 1980 domine yon libète kreyasyon. Ekriven ayisyen yo, selon relasyon yo ak kreyòl la, selon kote yo te chwazi pou yo viv, selon relasyon yo ak anviwònman sosyal yo oswa ak peyi yo, endividyalize karyè yo kòm kreyatè, ki bay estil de pli zan pli varye.
Kantite otè ayisyen ki pale fransè yo toujou ap ogmante epi tou, san yo pa komen men kantite otè ki pale kreyòl ayisyen yo ki, pou piblikasyon bileng yo, eseye asosye avèk kreyolofòn ki soti nan lòt kote jewografik yo (Matinik, Gwadloup)., reyinyon).
Anne Marty Doktè nan Lèt
Otè de:
• Karaktè Fi nan woman ayisyen ak kebèk yo depi 1938 rive 1980: tretman ak siyifikasyon, A.N.R.T. (Tèz à la carte), Presse du Septentrion, Villeneuve d´Ascq (59), 1997
• Ayiti nan Literati, La Flèche du temps / Maisonneuve and Larose (Servédit), Paris, 2000
Penti ak eskilti an Ayiti
Penti
Penti ayisyen karakterize tou de pa sous enspirasyon li yo, popilè ak espirityèl, ak pa yon style orijinal enkòpore pa atis nayif.
Premye jou yo
Penti te toujou yon fòm ekspresyon tradisyonèl an Ayiti jan sa pwouve nan dekorasyon miray ak ilistrasyon enspire relijyon, kèk ki date tounen nan 18tyèm syèk la. Pandan ke fanmi kolon rich enpòte penti soti nan Ewòp oswa pote nan pent Lwès la, lòt moun voye esklav gratis yo nan Lafrans yo aprann penti ak esplwate talan yo. Sa a se patikilyèman ka a nan pent pent Léogâne a, Luc.
Premye Akademi Penti Ayisyen an te kreye nan Cap-Haitien pa wa Christophe yon ti tan aprè endepandans (1804). Nan 1816, Pétion louvri yon lekòl atizay nan Pòtoprens kote pent pent franse te vin anseye. Ant 1830 ak 1860, sijè istorik lye nan esklavaj, ak sijè relijye, patikilyèman alantou kil la vodou, Lè sa a, konstitye tèm prensipal yo nan atis yo, ki gen pwodiksyon te toujou maske pa aktivite a nan kopis.
Ayisyen nayif yo
Aprè Dezyèm Gè Mondyal la, pent ak pwofesè Ameriken Dewitt Peters te fonde yon lekòl atizay ak penti nan Pòtoprens an 1944. Ansèyman li rete okòmansman akademik ak enfliyanse pa kouran oksidantal oswa Ameriken. Enpresyone pa style la nayif nan pent pent nan lari yo, Peters deside akeyi, nan adisyon a elèv tradisyonèl li yo, moun ki te anseye moun li bay materyèl la ki ta pèmèt yo eksprime talan yo. Yon premye vag atis sa yo te kòmanse jwenn yon sèten notoryete, tankou Hector Hyppolite, Rigaud Benoit, Castera Bazile, Wilson Bigaud oswa Robert Saint-Brice. Sa a se kòmansman mouvman “ayisyen nayif” la.
Pandan vwayaj li an Ayiti, an 1943 e ankò an 1945, powèt franse André Breton admire travay sa yo, ke li asosye ak apwòch surealis li yo. Li Lè sa a, pibliye yon tèks konsakre nan Hector Hyppolite, ki atire
atansyon entelektyèl franse yo sou penti ayisyen an. Lòt ekriven, tankou Jean-Paul Sartre nan 1949, te vizite zile a nan menm tan an.
Nan ane 1950 yo, penti ayisyen te evolye ak divèsifye, ouvri jiska diferan fòm ekspresyon, men toujou favorize koulè ak liy. Plizyè atelye ap parèt nan diferan pati nan teritwa a. Lè sa a, atizay ayisyen nayif gaye toupatou nan mond lan: Mize Atizay modèn nan New York te achte twal pa atis ki pi alamòd yo pandan Time Magazine repwodwi frèsk ayisyen nan edisyon li yo.
Tèm “nayif” Lè sa a, dekri yon stil figire domine pa koulè solid ak sijè popilè (sèn nan lari, mache trè aktif, batay bèt, elatriye). Li se mwens aplikab a teknik la nan atis ki totalman nan kontwòl sou atizay yo. Nan ane 1960 yo, achtè yo te rache travay Ayisyen nayif yo, ki te vin chache atik apre yo nan mache atizay la. Brital enterè komèsyal sa a, ki te pwovoke Aparisyon yon endistri atizanal vre nan penti nayif, pral pote atis tankou kominote a nan Saint Soleil retounen nan rasin yo nan mete kilti vodou nan kè a nan apwòch yo.
Penti Vodou
Kilt vodou a parèt trè bonè nan penti ayisyen an. De figi ki pi frape ak senbolik yo se Hector Hyppolite ak Robert Saint-Brice, ki gen apwòch atistik te fè lwanj pa André Breton pou premye a, ak pa André Malraux pou dezyèm lan.
Nan kòmansman lane 1970 yo, Maud Robart ak Jean-Claude Garoute (ke yo rekonèt kòm yon pent kòm Tiga) te kreye yon sant atistik ki gen entansyon akeyi atis alantou tèm mistè vodou a. Yo premye rete l ‘nan katye a Nénettes, nan Petyonvil, nan katye yo nan Pòtoprens. Eksperyans lan pa konkli, men de entèlektyèl yo rete kole sou pwojè yo. Yo te deplase an 1973 nan Soisson-la-Montagne, sou senkant kilomèt de Pòtoprens, sou wotè Petyonvil. Yo rankontre sou sit mason, kwit, jardinage ak peyizan ki moun yo prete yon chanm, bwòs ak twal. Penti “rezidan” sa yo pral oryante nan direksyon tèm vodou a. Gwoup yo pral konsidere kòm yon lekòl, ki rele “Saint Soleil”. An 1975, Malraux te vizite kominote sa a e li te ba li yon aura mistik nan redaksyon li L’Intemporel1: li pwolonje ak anplifye, nte ane apre André Breton, atraksyon ak séduire ke penti ayisyen egzèse: “moun yon atis ap viv an Ayiti” li ekri, ensistans ke sou zile a, tout bagay se sijè a transkripsyon imaj: mache a, maryaj, lapèch ak relijyon, senkretik kòm nan Kiba ak Brezil.
An 1978, kominote Saint Soleil la te kraze, men pent ki pi enplike ak talan yo te vle kontinye pentire: Louisiane Saint Fleurant, Denis Smith, Dieuseul Paul, Levoy Exil ak Prospère Pierre Louis, “Istwa Saint Soleil” te kreye yon gwoup enfòmèl ki pran non an nan “senk solèy yo”. Atis sa yo pral gaye ak anpil pentr ap rekonèt tèt yo nan apwòch yo: konsa atis tankou Payas oswa
Stevenson Magloire (pitit gason Louisiana Saint Fleurant, ki te mouri asasinen) te vin konnen nan tout Ewòp ak Etazini yo.
Pou yon tan long, twal pa atis sa yo yo te jwenn nan magazen yo ki pi fasil, ki gen ladan boutik touris, nan kote yo fwote zepòl ak penti nayif. Jodi a, yo te òganize yon mache alantou penti vodou, epi penti reprezantan li yo vann, souvan trè chè, nan galeri Ameriken ak franse.
Pami dè milye de pent ayisyen, nou ka site pi popilè yo: premye nan tout fanm pent, minorite: Luce Turnier, Tamara Baussan, Michèle Manuel; Lè sa a, otè frèsk yo ki dekore legliz Sainte-Trinité (tonbe pandan tranblemann tè 12.01.10): Hector Hyppolilte, Wilson Bigaud, Préfète Duffaut, Castéra Bazile; pent nan “panteon vodou a”: André Pierre; yon pent pòtrè briyan: Mario Benjamin; “mèt nan mask” Tiga ak, avè l ‘, pent yo nan lekòl la “Saint-Soleil” li te kreye: Prosper Pierre-Louis, Richard Antilhomme, Saint-Jean Saint-Juste, Louisianne Saint-Fleurant, Levoy Exile ki pentire, yo te di “enspire pa loa a”; e finalman, dènye men pa pi piti, Barbara Prézeau, pent ak atis vizyèl ki te kreye Afrik-Amerik Fondasyon an, yo pote atizay soti nan de kontinan yo …
Eskilti a
Anpil liv dekri penti ayisyen, men eskilti – sou bwa, rasin, wòch, ajil, metal … – mwens byen sèvi, eksepte “fo eskilti an” oswa “fè koupe” ki te sijè a nan plizyè liv; atizay / navèt sa a fòtman enspire pa mitoloji grèk ak vodou epi li ilistre pa Serge Jolimeau ak siksesè li yo.
Atik sa a egzamine kondisyon istorik, sosyal ak materyèl pratik vodou nan Pari ak Ile-de-France. Defi pratik sa yo souliye yon dinamik vizibilite ak envizibilite, enklizyon ak fèmti ki detèmine tou de relasyon imen nan kil la ak relasyon ak yon sosyete franse ki rezistan a vodou. Prezans li nan Pari dat tounen nan ane 1960 yo, ak sèn enspire pa kil la, epi li se yon pati nan yon istwa ki kòmanse ak Tours yo nan gwoup popilè, ki te fòme nan Pòtoprens nan ane 1940 yo. Pratik Haitian vodou nan Ile- de-Frans mande pou materyèl ak seremoni adaptasyon. Yo soti nan yon lojik pwoteksyon tankou nan relasyon pouvwa ki baze sou otorite relijye ak sou orijin etnik pratik yo. Vodou a tounen yon espas konpetisyon kote pwosesis lejitimasyon yo, transmèt pa rimè, baze sou tradisyon ak teritwa, sou dimansyon ekonomik ak sou respè pou preskripsyon seremoni. Sikilasyon rimè sa yo, ki soti Pari pou rive Brooklyn, sijere egzistans yon espas transnasyonal nan moralite ki baze sou nòm sosyal ak relijye ki soti an Ayiti.
Pwovèb ayisyen
Men yon ti seleksyon pwovèb ayisyen nan men zanmi nou Talégrand Noël ki revele nou yo nan ban nou kèk kle pou konprann yo. Talégrand se ayisyen ki gen orijin riral, atis, romansye ak gwo koneseur nan anpil pwovèb (gade bibliyografi nou an) eritaj. Peyizan yo okipe pwovèb sa yo ak perspicacity ak yon anpil nan repartee, konsa evite yo lanse nan diskou gwo pandan ke yo te fè byen konprann.
Ospitalite ayisyen
• “Kay piti nat anba bwa”: Kay la piti, nou pran tapi nou anba bra nou (Menm si nou yon ti kras sere, nou dwe fè plas pou akeyi ak akomode tout moun)
• “Manje kwit pa gen mèt”: Manje kwit pa gen mèt (Ou dwe pataje ak nenpòt ki moun ki rive nan manje)
• “Sa pòv genyen se li l pote nan mache”: Ki sa pòv yo genyen se sa yo pote nan mache a (Ou gen pou ofri oswa konnen ki jan yo dwe kontni ak sa ou genyen)
• “Bay piti pa chich”: Bay ti kras pa vle di ke ou se chich (Ou bay sa ou genyen.
Konprann: si nou te gen anpil, nou ta bay plis)
• “Se anvi bay ki bay”: Se paske nou reyèlman vle ke nou te bay (Fè yon jès jenerozite lè nou menm nou nan yon sitiyasyon delika)
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• “Konn li pa di lespri pou sa”: Konnen li li pa vle di ke ou gen lespri (li alfabetize pa vle di ke ou entelijan)
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• “Bwa pi wo di li wè lwen, men grenn pwomennen di li wè pi lwen pase l”: Pyebwa ki pi wo a di li wè lwen, men grenn ki mache di li wè pi lwen pase li (Moun ki vwayaje a gen plis chans pou li dekouvri bagay ke yon moun ki pa janm vwayaje pap wè)
• “Rayi chen, men pa di l fimen tabak”: Nou ka rayi chen an, men nou pa dwe di ke li fimen (Ou pa dwe akize yon moun de sa li pa kapab)
• “Pa janm koupe dwèt moun k ap ba oswa manje”: Pa janm koupe dwèt moun ki ba ou manje (Pa engra ou pa vle di yon moun ki ede ou)
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• “Bat chen an tann mèt li”: Bat chen an, rete tann mèt li (Lè blese yon moun ki pa kapab defann tèt yo, espere vanjans nan men moun ki pre yo)
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Fanmi an, timoun yo
• “San se san, dlo se dlo”: San se san, dlo se dlo (Kèlkeswa sikonstans yo, nou toujou rete sansib a sitiyasyon yon moun ak ki moun nou gen lyen san)
• “Pitit se richès malere”: Timoun yo se richès pòv yo
• “Pitit se baton vyeyès”: Children are the stick of old age (Timoun yo se asirans vi granmoun yo)
• “Tanbou bat nan raje, men se lakay li vin danse”: Tanbou a oswa mizik la ap jwe nan Woods yo, men dans la fèt nan kay la (zak yo ke yon sèl komèt deyò kay la gen nenpòt ki jan li afekte rès la nan fanmi an oswa yo pral li te ye nan fanmi an)
• “Koulèv ki gen ke pa janbe dife”: Yon koulèv ki gen yon ke pa travèse dife a (Ou dwe fè atansyon oswa ou pa ta dwe pran risk nesesè lè ou gen fanmi ak / oswa responsablite)
• “Manman chen pa janm mòde pitit li jous nan zo”: Yon femèl chen pa janm mòde jèn li nan zo yo (Ou pa ka fè mal pwòp pitit ou oswa pwòp kò ou)
• “Tete pa janm twò lou pou mèt li”: Tete yo pa janm twò lou pou moun ki genyen yo (Menm si li difisil, yon moun toujou ap fè efò pou l asime responsablite li lè li rive pou li posede pwopriyete oswa pitit)
• “Dwèt oswa santi oswa pa ka koupe l jete”: Menm si dwèt ou santi, ou pa ka koupe yo pou jete yo (Kit yon moun fè bagay ki danjere pou manm fanmi li, nou pa ka debarase l oswa touye l pou otan)
Leson lavi
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• “Se lè kay pran dife oswa konn konbyen kokobe ki te ladan”: Se lè yon kay boule ke nou konnen ki kantite moun andikape te gen andedan (Lè yon zafè vini nan limyè, nou souvan sezi pa idantite a nan gwo chabwak)
• “Se rat kay k ap manje kay”: Li se rat kay la ki manje l (Pa bezwen gade yon lòt kote, koupab la se nan sèk la tou pre (fanmi oswa zanmi))
• “Rat manje kann, zandolit mouri inosan”: Rat manje kann, anoles (yon espès zandolit) mouri inosan (Inosan peye pou koupab la)
• “Twou manti pa fon”: Twou manti yo pa fon (verite a toujou parèt nan fen a)
• “Moun ki ba ou konsèy achte kabrit nan lapli, se pa li ki ede w pran swen li nan lesèk”: Moun sa yo oswa moun ki konseye w achte kabrit pandan lapli a se pa moun ki ede ou ba yo manje lè sechrès la rive (Konseye yo pa peyè)
• “Chay sot sou tèt tonbe sou zèpòl”: Chay la soti nan tèt la pou l ateri sou zepòl yo (Nan lang vodou, pou di ke yon moun se oswa pral epanye (geri) nan detriman yon manm nan pwòp li yo.) fanmi ki pral peri nan plas li)
• “Dan pouri se sou fig mi li gen fòs”: Dan pouri egzèse fòs yo kont bannann mi (Lach yo toujou pran avantaj sou moun ki pi fèb yo)
• “Sa w fè se li ou wè”: Ki sa ou fè se sa ou wè (Ou rekòlte sa ou simen)
• “Jan chache, jan twouve”: Fason nou fouye se fason nou jwenn (Ou te chache l! Oswa ou te merite li!)
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• “Jistis Bondye se kabwèt bèf”: Jistis Bondye a se yon kabwa rale pa yon bèf (jistis diven se tankou yon kabwa, dousman men efikas. Li konprann ke li pral rive pi bonè oswa pita)
• “Toutan tèt poko koupe, li espere pote chapo”: Osi lontan ke tèt li pa koupe, li espere mete chapo (Toutotan ou vivan, ou oblije goumen san ou pa janm dezespere)
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